The GO Outdoors Guide To Water Purifictaion

Whether you’re camping close to home or travelling across multiple countries or continents, you need to be aware of viruses and bacteria which potentially live in your drinking water. 

To make water safe for consumption you need a water purification system. 

The main waterborne pathogens such as Protozoan cysts, bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella, as well as viruses such as hepatitis A live in water and thrive on bodily waste. Many bacteria live off human waste, even what we would consider ‘clean’ waste such as soap. 

Soap can be damaging to the natural environment, causing harmful bacteria to form by hindering the development of ‘friendly’ bacteria. 

Invisible to the eye, these pathogens and bacteria live in your stomach after consumption, causing nausea, cramps, sickness and infection, so it’s important your water is 100% safe to consume.

  Water treatment allows you to kill: 

• Particulate matter, e.g. dirt, sediment, rust, scale, radioactive particles. These are removed by filtration or by allowing sediment to settle and then to be removed. 
•  Bacteria, e.g. Cholera, Salmonella, E-coli, Typhoid. Removed by microfiltration, boiling or chemical treatment. 
• Protozoa, e.g. Giardia, Cryptosporidia, Entamoeba. Removed by microfiltration, boiling or chemical treatment. 
• Viruses, e.g. Polio, Hepatitis A. Removed by boiling or chemical treatment.

Methods Of Purification

Boiling:

• Kills off all water-borne pathogenic organisms. 
• The boiling process needs to be maintained for 5 minutes which can be time consuming. 
• The best general solution for family situations. 
• Only requires a pan and a heating implement.

 

Iodine/Chroline Chemical based treatments

• These are the most effective treatment against all pathogens. 
• They will not clean the water, i.e. remove sediment. 
• They need to be left long enough to work effectively. 
• Iodine is not recommended for pregnant women, those with thyroid problems, or for prolonged use.
•  Leaves an after-taste.

 

Neutralising tablets

• These remove the ‘disinfectant’ taste associated with iodine or chlorine, making the water more palatable and can be combined with your filtration method of choice.

 

Water Filter Units

A water filter unit is a filter bottle that can hold unpurified water and filter it within minutes. This can also remove dust, rust and sedement, making it an ideal choice for camping. 

The Benefits:

 Simple construction –simply a water bottle with a straw top

 Easy to use – simply fill bottle, squeeze and drink. 

Special filters such as Pentacell filters combine iodinated resin, microfiltration and a carbon filter for effective removal of all sediment and micro-organisms. 

Simple to connect and easy to pack, water filter units work from a pump system, and usually come with 2 separate reservoirs, one for dirty water, and one for the clean, purified water. 

 Water Filter Capacities: 

An 8-10 litre capacity would be a suitable amount for a group or family camping, and will provide water on demand for the trip’s entirety. 

Many filters are disposable for a whole season of camping or caravanning, equating to the purification of around 4500 litres of water. 

You can get your water filtered via a pumping action, or some filters work through the power of gravity. 

Suitable for caravans and boats, water filters are ideal if you have a base, as they can take up packing and storage space. Silverised carbon within the filter prevents bacteria growth to keep your water purified. 

 Some powerful filters have capabilities to remove 99.9999% of bacteria and protozoa from your water. 

Look for wall mounting clips so you can prop your unit up.

Water Purification Tablets

Effervescent water purifying tablets are ideal for easy packing and take up little room. 

A single tablet will purify 5 gallons or 25 litres of water. On the basis that an adult will consume around 2 – 3 litres a day, a couple of packs of tablets will last for well over a week’s trip.

 Specific water purification tablets, such as chlorine water purification are ideal if you have a specific need. 

Strong tablets can treat around 70 litres of water, perfect for long distance trips and for all those odd jobs, such as cleaning your teeth and preparing food.

 

Water Purification Liquids

Usually used for camping and caravanning trips, a bottle of water purification liquid is ideal for adding to a water tank to kill of bacteria and keep your drinking water clean and clear. 

Cost effective and long lasting, an average 250ml bottle will treat up to 625 litres of water. Usually created with liquid biocides, water purification liquid is ideal for stopping water-borne bacteria and virae. 

Droplets are faster acting than water purification tablets.

Source: http://www.gooutdoors.co.uk/expert-advice/water-purification

The Tarp and Your Tent – How to Keep Dry When Camping

Tarps are an inexpensive way to make camping in the British climate that bit easier.  In fact, you should take at least one tarp when you go camping.

Other campers could only stay in their zipped up tents

On a recent camping trip we had a lot of rain.  A lot of rain.  Fortunately, we had put up a large tarp shelter, and with a few wind breaks, we had somewhere dry to cook and sit by the fire.   Other campers could only stay in their zipped up tents.

We also take a large tarp to place on the ground, especially when it has been raining and bad weather is forecast.  A belt and braces approach, but it does stop the bottom of the tent sitting directly on the wet ground.

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Practical uses of a tarp when camping

So why do you need a tarp?

• If the ground is wet and muddy, you can pitch your tent on top of a tarp as an extra ground sheet (just make sure all the tarp is tucked under the tent).  When you come to take your tent down, the bottom of your tent should be nice and dry.
• Somewhere to cook, eat, and shelter from the rain.  Remember you should cooking outside, not in your tent.  A tarp lets you eat even when wet!
• An impromptu shelter when pitching in the rain, enabling you to get your gear into your tent but stay nice and dry.
• Enjoy a campfire when it’s wet.  Use tarps and windbreaks to trap more of the heat.
• Create a play tent for your kids.

You can find more about creating a camp kitchen under a tarp by clicking on the picture below.

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Building a Simple Shelter with a Tarp

There are a few different ways to set-up a tarp.  Wind direction, the location of trees or other supports, and what it will be used for, all influence the choice of shape.

You can build a basic shelter using two straight tent poles, rope, pegs, and, of course, a tarp.

• With some little helpers holding the poles, you need to run a line between the two poles.  The excess line is taken and pegged into the ground to help hold the poles in place. This is known as the ridge line.
• Run another line from each pole and peg into the ground.  You should now have what might look like a washing line.  The poles are freely supported by two lines plus the line connecting the two poles.
• Pull the tarp over the line.
• Run lines from the corners of the tarp and peg into the ground.

You can move the tarp to change the apex of the shelter.  For example, you may want more tarp on the back of the shelter and less at the front.  The front can be positioned near the fire, letting smoke out (and reducing the risk of accidents), yet leaving enough tarp for comfortable shelter.

An apex helps with rain run-off.

Even if not raining, this setup is good at trapping some of the heat from the fire.

You may want to place windbreaks around the shelter for added protection, and if you don’t have chairs, put a tarp on the ground to sit on.

Think also of what will happen if it does rain heavy.  You want to avoid areas in the tarp where the rain builds up.  Keep the tarp tight to avoid bulges.

I also use bungee cords in the line from the tarp.

bungee cords act as shock absorbers

The bungee cords act as shock absorbers for gusts of wind and reduce the risk of tarps tearing, and yet keeps the tarp tight.

Of course, if it’s blowing a strong gale, you’ll need to get the tarp down, but depending on wind conditions you may be able to leave your frame in place, making it quick and easy to get the tarp back up when the wind eases.

CAUTION: Take Care with Bungees

I like the fact that the bungees stretch but what is not so good are the hooks.

Bungees can be extremely dangerous. You basically have two hooks, which if are under tension, could be lethal. People do loose eyes.

I now have some bungee cords that don’t have metal hooks.

If you use bungees to save yourself having to tie knots, then look at a device such as the What Knot, instead of using bungees.

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Tarps as Groundsheets

It is important that you don’t pack your tent away wet.  If you do, you must dry it out once you get home.  That’s easier said than done – if not for the lack of drying space, it’s also the time it takes when you have a busy household.

However, if you can let your tent dry out in the air before taking it down, you’ll be saved from that problem….except for under the tent where the air can’t dry it out.  This is where using a tarp or other groundsheet can save you a headache, as only that will need drying when you get home.

You can buy some really good tent footprint groundsheets for various models of tents.  These enable you to protect the underside of your tent, and can help with pitching your tent as you place the footprint where you want the tent prior to pitching, which helps get the location right.

Tent footprints are particularly useful for tents that are irregular shapes

Tent footprints are particularly useful for tents that are irregular shapes.  Our tent is a simple rectangle and we have a relatively cheap tarp that’s lasted many years as an extra groundsheet that fits the dimensions of our tent with only a little folding.

If it is raining when you are pitching and you lay down an extra tarp or groundsheet, it is important to avoid allowing a lot of rainwater to pool the tarp before you pitch your tent, as you don’t want to pitch on a pool of water. Wait until it eases, or put up a large tarp overhead and pitch under that! (Yes, we’ve had to do that before now!)

don’t have ‘spare’ bits of tarp sticking out from under your tent

Equally important is to not have ‘spare’ bits of tarp sticking out from under your tent as these can collect water and run it under your tent.

As when pitching a tent, always check for stones, thorns, lumps, and depressions when laying your tarp groundsheet.

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How to keep dry when Pitching or Packing Up in the Rain

Our camping gear (and the rest of the stuff the family needs to take) got to the point where we had to get a trailer.

When packing the trailer a tarp or two are the last things to go on top, with polls, lines, and pegs underneath.

The tarp not only provides some extra protection to the trailer contents, it’s my ’emergency tarp’ kit.

my ’emergency tarp’ kit

If it’s raining, I can quickly put up a tarp over the trailer and the car doors/boot.  We can then get things out without getting them soaked, ideally waiting for the rain to ease, get the tent up, and then ferry stuff inside in the dry.

Another important tip for pitching in the rain is to always take the inner tents out.  I know this is extra ‘hassle’, and a lot of tents now say you can leave in and pitch in one, but we’ve found that the two-step approach is best in the British climate.

If you don’t take the inner tents out when you take the tent down you run the risk of these getting wet if pitching in the rain (and getting wet if you have to take your tent down in the rain, or you are at a campsite when they insist ‘departure time’ is well before any tent has had chance to dry out).

pitch your tent then put up your inner tents – don’t do it all in one

By taking the two-step approach you can get the tent up quickly.  Any rain that does come in the tent is easily wiped up.

You can then ferry your inner tents into the tent (from under your tarp tunnel of course), and get the tent setup in the dry.

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Emergency Protection for your Tent

Sometimes the weather can be really bad, with horizontal rain lashing into your tent.

When the rain comes from the side, or even underneath if you are on a hill (yes, it can happen!), then your tent might let in some water since the water is not coming from the normal direction.

Having a tarp in your kit can save the day by providing an additional covering to weak points like doors.

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What you need to get to create your own tarp shelter

A lot of the pictures in this post are using a DIY approach.

I bought some cheap tarps, some tarp poles, guy lines and paracord, and some bungees.

The tarp I’ve been using is a cheap tarp, like a building tarp or an old groundsheet tarp. This is great for shoving under the tent or emergency situations, but you can get a better looking and easier to transport tarps that are made out of the same material as your tent.

You can get these better tarps, and everything you need, in a tarp kit.

In the video below we show you how to set-up your own tarp with a tarp kit.

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Want to learn more?

• Step-by-step instructions on how to set-up a tarp kit. Read more.
• How to put a tarp up on your own. Read more.
• What to do with your tarp if it gets windy. Read more.

Source: https://www.getoutwiththekids.co.uk/camping/camping-tips/the-tarp-tent/